They were nomadic , lived from hunting, fishing and fruit recollection. This period was short lived, since that same year Candioti died and central government reestablished the dependent government.
During the civil strifes of , Santa Fe troops were decisive in the defeat of Buenos Aires ' centralist army. After the organization of the nation, the province entered an era of peace and prosperity; in the railways already connected many points of the province, as well as the telegraph lines, and in the Provincial University of Santa Fe was founded. These two parties had many strong electoral contests with the province's conservative parties.
During this time, more precisely in , the National University of the Littoral was founded. In it was the PDP who got the governor's seat. The contentious elections from which Peronist candidates were barred brought an ally of President-elect Arturo Frondizi to power in Santa Fe, Dr.
Carlos Sylvestre Begnis. Forced to resign after conservative pressure drove Pres. Frondizi from office in , Begnis had the satisfaction of seeing Hernandarias open in and voters overwhelmingly return him to office in this time, as a Peronist.
Santa Fe suffered the violence of the late '70s and the depression of the s more than most other provinces. It continued to languish economically during the prosperous s, as the revalued Argentine peso put pressure on its productive sectors.
